Vegetarian Studies – Directory of Plant-Based Diet Studies

Physical Health Benefits

Physical health benefits of vegetarianism (including impact on weight loss and the skin)

Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2021 Plant-Based Foods for Skin Health: A Narrative Review Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
2020 Diet and Dermatology: The Role of a Whole-food, Plant-based Diet in Preventing and Reversing Skin Aging—A Review The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology
2019 Nutrition and Foods for Skin Health Nutrition and Foods for Skin Health
2010 Diet in dermatology: present perspectives Indian Journal of Dermatology
2009 Nutrition and nutritional supplementation Dermato-Endocrinology
2004 Medical nutrition therapy as a potential complementary treatment for psoriasis--five case reports Alternative Medicine Review
Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2021 Plant-Based Diet as a Strategy for Weight Control Foods
2020 Effects of Plant-Based Diets on Weight Status: A Systematic Review Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity
2018 A plant-based diet in overweight individuals in a 16-week randomized clinical trial: metabolic benefits of plant protein Nutrition and Diabetes
2016 Vegetarian Diets and Weight Reduction: a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Journal of General Internal Medicine
2015 Comparative effectiveness of plant-based diets for weight loss: a randomized controlled trial of five different diets Nutrition
2015 Vegetarian Diets and Weight Reduction: a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Journal of General Internal Medicine
2015 A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Changes in Body Weight in Clinical Trials of Vegetarian Diets Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
2015 Effect of plant-based diets on obesity-related inflammatory profiles: a systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention trials Obesity Reviews
2010 Nutrition Concerns and Health Effects of Vegetarian Diets Nutrition in Clinical Practice
2009 Type of Vegetarian Diet, Body Weight, and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care
2009 The Effect of a Plant-Based Low-Carbohydrate (“Eco-Atkins”) Diet on Body Weight and Blood Lipid Concentrations in Hyperlipidemic Subjects JAMA Internal Medicine
Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2019 Vegetarian Studies – Directory of Plant-Based Diet Studies | Thrive Architect JAMA Internal Medicine
2018 Vegetarian Diets and the Risk of Diabetes Current Diabetes Report
2017 Diabetes Reversal by Plant-Based Diet Journal of Metabolic Syndrome
2017 A plant-based diet for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes Journal of Geriatric Cardiology
2016 A Comprehensive Review of the Literature Supporting Recommendations From the Canadian Diabetes Association for the Use of a Plant-Based Diet for Management of Type 2 Diabetes Canadian Journal of Diabetes
2010 Vegetarian diet improves insulin resistance and oxidative stress markers more than conventional diet in subjects with Type 2 diabetes Diabetic Medicine
Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2018 The role of plant-based nutrition in cancer prevention Journal of Unexplored Medical Data
2014 Diet components can suppress inflammation and reduce cancer risk Nutrition Research and Practice
2013 Vegetarian Diets and the Incidence of Cancer in a Low-risk Population Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention
2007 Meat consumption and risk of breast cancer in the UK Women's Cohort Study British Journal of Cancer
2006 Effects of a Low-Fat, High-Fiber Diet and Exercise Program on Breast Cancer Risk Factors In Vivo and Tumor Cell Growth and Apoptosis In Vitro Nutrition and Cancer
2006 Potential Attenuation of Disease Progression in Recurrent Prostate Cancer With Plant-Based Diet and Stress Reduction Integrative Cancer Therapies
Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2020 Changes in plant-based diet quality and health-related quality of life in women British Journal of Nutrition
2019 Plant‐Based Diets Are Associated With a Lower Risk of Incident Cardiovascular Disease, Cardiovascular Disease Mortality, and All‐Cause Mortality in a General Population of Middle‐Aged Adults Journal of The American Heart Association
2019 Plant-Based Diet, Cholesterol, and Risk of Gallstone Disease: A Prospective Study Nutrients
2017 Healthful and Unhealthful Plant-Based Diets and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in U.S. Adults Journal of American College of Cardiology
2017 The BROAD study: A randomised controlled trial using a whole food plant-based diet in the community for obesity, ischaemic heart disease or diabetes Nutrition and Diebetes
2016 Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
2015 A Plant-Based Diet, Atherogenesis, and Coronary Artery Disease Prevention The Permanente Journal
2014 Improved Cardiovascular Parameter With a Nutrient-Dense, Plant-Rich Diet-Style: A Patient Survey With Illustrative Cases American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine
2013 Nutritional update for physicians: plant-based diets The Permanente Journal
2003 Plant-based foods and prevention of cardiovascular disease: an overview The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
1998 Diet, lifestyle, and the etiology of coronary artery disease: the Cornell China Study American Journal of Cardiology
Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2015 Whole-Foods, Plant-Based Diet Alleviates the Symptoms of Osteoarthritis Arthritis
Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2014 Vegetarian diets and blood pressure: a meta-analysis JAMA Internal Medicine
Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2021 Plant-based diets, insulin sensitivity and inflammation in elderly men with chronic kidney disease Journal of Nephrology
2020 Plant-based diets to manage the risks and complications of chronic kidney disease Nature Reviews Nephrology
Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2019 The Effects of Vegetarian and Vegan Diets on Gut Microbiota Frontiers in Nutrition
Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2021 A Vegetarian Diet Is Associated with a Lower Risk of Cataract, Particularly Among Individuals with Overweight: A Prospective Study Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2021 Plant-based diets and risk of disease mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies Food Science and Nutrition
2018 Healthy Plant-Based Diets Are Associated with Lower Risk of All-Cause Mortality in US Adults Journal of Nutrition
2004 Mediterranean Diet, Lifestyle Factors, and 10-Year Mortality in Elderly European Men and Women The HALE Project JAMA
1999 Associations between diet and cancer, ischemic heart disease, and all-cause mortality in non-Hispanic white California Seventh-day Adventists American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2020 Markers of a plant-based diet relate to memory and executive function in older adults Nutritional Neuroscience
Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2018 Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Inflammatory Markers Nutrients
2017 Vegetarian and Plant-Based Diets in Health and Disease Prevention Book
2012 Vegetarian diets, low-meat diets and health: a review Public Health Nutrition
2009 The Health Benefits of a Vegetarian Diet Alternative and Complimentary Therapies
2009 Vegetarian diets: what do we know of their effects on common chronic diseases? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Athletes Benefits

Benefits for Athletes

Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2022 Benefits of a plant-based diet and considerations for the athlete European Journal of Applied Physiology
2021 High-Protein Plant-Based Diet Versus a Protein-Matched Omnivorous Diet to Support Resistance Training Adaptations: A Comparison Between Habitual Vegans and Omnivores Sports Medicine
2021 Plant Proteins and Exercise: What Role Can Plant Proteins Have in Promoting Adaptations to Exercise? Nutrients
2021 Update on vegetarian and vegan athletes: a review Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine
2021 Efficacy of Popular Diets Applied by Endurance Athletes on Sports Performance: Beneficial or Detrimental? A Narrative Review Nutrients
2021 The Effect of Dietary Structure on the Health Status of Athletes International Conference on Social Development and Media Communications
2021 How the vegetarian diet influences recreational and professional athletes’ physical performance: A systematic review Research, Society and Development
2021 Potato Protein Isolate Stimulates Muscle Protein Synthesis at Rest and with Resistance Exercise in Young Women Nutrients
2020 Vegan Diet in Sports and Exercise - Health Benefits and Advantages to Athletes and Physically Active People: A Narrative International Journal of Sports and Exercise Medicine
2020 A Vegan Athlete’s Heart—Is It Different? Morphology and Function in Echocardiography Diagnostics
2020 Plant-based eating patterns and endurance performance: A focus on inflammation, oxidative stress and immune responses Nutrition Bulletin
2020 No Significant Differences in Muscle Growth and Strength Development When Consuming Soy and Whey Protein Supplements Matched for Leucine Following a 12 Week Resistance Training Program in Men and Women: A Randomized Trial Environmental Research and Public Health
2019 Exercise capacity of vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian and omnivorous recreational runners Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
2019 Chapter 8 - Vegetarian Athletes Nutrition and Enhanced Sports Performance (2nd Edition)
2019 The Effects of Whey vs. Pea Protein on Physical Adaptations Following 8-Weeks of High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT): A Pilot Study Sports
2018 Plant-Based Diets for Cardiovascular Safety and Performance in Endurance Sports Nutrients
2018 Plant-Based Diets: Considerations for Environmental Impact, Protein Quality, and Exercise Performance Nutrients
2018 VEGETARIAN AND VEGAN DIETS FOR ATHLETIC TRAINING AND PERFORMANCE Sport Science Exchange
2018 No Difference Between the Effects of Supplementing With Soy Protein Versus Animal Protein on Gains in Muscle Mass and Strength in Response to Resistance Exercise International Journal of Sports Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
2018 IS VEGAN DIET APPROPRIATE FOR COMPETITIVE ARTISTIC GYMNASTS? Science of Gymnastics Journal
2016 Novak Djokovic: ´I am vegan!´ News Article: Tennis World
2016 Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Peak Torque Differences between Vegetarian and Omnivore Endurance Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study Nutrients
2015 Vegetarian and Omnivorous Nutrition—Comparing Physical Performance International Journal of Sports Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism
2015 Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants Asian Journal of Sports Medicine
2014 Vegan Triple-Ironman (Raw Vegetables/Fruits) Case Reports in Cardiology
2014 Effect of diet composition on acid–base balance in adolescents, young adults and elderly at rest and during exercise European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
2013 The effects of 8 weeks of whey or rice protein supplementation on body composition and exercise performance Nutrition Journal
2010 Could a vegetarian diet reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress? A review of the literature Journal of Sports Sciences
2008 The Best Athletes in Ancient Rome were Vegetarian! Journal of Sport Science and Medicine
2004 Nutritional considerations for vegetarian athletes Nutrition
1998 Physical fitness and vegetarian diets: is there a relation? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Animal Rights

Animal rights benefits of Vegetarianism

Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2022 All the Production Costs of Intensive Livestock Farming: A Graphical Representation Medicon Agriculture & Environmental Sciences
2021 My pigs are ok, why change? – animal welfare accounts of pig farmers Animal
2021 Evaluation of Euthanasia Methods on Behavioral and Physiological Responses of Newly Hatched Male Layer Chicks Animals
2021 Why go vegan? Animal Welfare Book: African Vegan in Today's Modern World
2021 Recommendations for Rabbit Farms of the Novgorod Region to Prevent Outbreaks of Infectious Diseases IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science
2020 Change in Norwegian consumer attitudes towards piglet castration: increased emphasis on animal welfare Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
2020 The Impact of Veganism/Vegetarianism on Animal Welfare Policy Journal of Public Management Resource
2020 Societal attitudes towards in ovo gender determination as an alternative to chick culling Agribusiness
2020 Anthropogenic suffering of farmed animals: the other side of zoonoses. Animal Sentience 30(20) Animal Sentience 
2019 Pros and Cons of Alternatives to Piglet Castration: Welfare, Boar Taint, and Other Meat Quality Traits Animals
2019 A Bioethical Approach: Vegan and Vegetarian Experiences Progress in Nutrition 
2018 Adapting to Climate Change: What We Owe to Other Animals Journal of Applied Philosophy
2018 Animal welfare considerations in food-producing animals. Animal Welfare
2018 Consumer Acceptance of Dual-Purpose Chickens A Mixed Methods Approach German Journal of Agricultural Economics
2017 Industrial Animal Agriculture’s Role in the Emergence and Spread of Disease Book: The Meat Crisis 
2016 Sentience, animal welfare and sustainable livestock production Indigenous
2014 Sentience and Animal Welfare Book: Sentience and Animal Welfare
2014 Welfare implications of invasive piglet husbandry procedures, methods of alleviation and alternatives: a review New Zealand Veterinary Journal
2013 Animal Welfare and Food Safety Aspects of Confining Broiler Chickens to Cages Animals
2009 The Ethics and Politics of Animal Welfare in New Zealand: Broiler Chicken Production as a Case Study Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Ethics
2006 Identifying and preventing pain in animals Applied Animal Behaviour Science
2006 Animal sentience and animal welfare: What is it to them and what is it to us? Applied Animal Behaviour Science
2006 Animal Sentience in US Farming Book: Animals, Ethics and Trade
2006 A review of the welfare consequences of surgical castration in piglets Animal Welfare
2005 The effects of land transport on animal welfare  
2004 Welfare, stress, behaviour and pathophysiology Veterinary Pathophysiology
2004 Can fish suffer?: perspectives on sentience, pain, fear and stress Applied Animal Behaviour Science
1997 Assessment of stress during handling and transport Journal of Animal Science
1964 Animal Machines Book

Veganism

Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2022 Effect of a Four-Week Vegan Diet on Performance, Training Efficiency and Blood Biochemical Indices in CrossFit-Trained Participants Nutrients
2022 Vegan Diet Is Associated With Favorable Effects on the Metabolic Performance of Intestinal Microbiota: A Cross-Sectional Multi-Omics Study Frontiers in Nutrition
2022 The effect of therapeutic exercise and vegan diet on pain and quality of life in young female patients with chronic non-specific neck pain Bulletin of Faculty of Physical Therapy
2021 Vegan Diet Health Benefits in Metabolic Syndrome Nutrients
2021 Effects of Plant-Based Diets on Weight Status in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials Nutrients
2021 Vegetarian and Vegan Diet in Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review Environmental Research and Public Health
2021 Vitamin B6 Status among Vegetarians: Findings from a Population-Based Survey Nutrients
2020 Effects of Vegetarian Diets on Blood Pressure Lowering: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis Nutrients
2020 Effects of a Low-Fat Vegan Diet on Gut Microbiota in Overweight Individuals and Relationships with Body Weight, Body Composition, and Insulin Sensitivity. A Randomized Clinical Trial Nutrients
2020 Is a vegan diet detrimental to endurance and muscle strength? European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
2019 Diet quality of vegetarian diets compared with nonvegetarian diets: a systematic review Nutrition Reviews
2019 Health Status of Female and Male Vegetarian and Vegan Endurance Runners Compared to Omnivores—Results from the NURMI Study (Step 2) Nutrients
2019 The Effects of Vegetarian and Vegan Diets on Gut Microbiota  Frontiers in Nutrition
2018 Impact of vegan diets on gut microbiota: An update on the clinical implications Tzu-chi medical journal
2018 Health and nutritional aspects of sustainable diet strategies and their association with environmental impacts: a global modelling analysis with country-level detail The Lancet Planetary Health
2018 Vegetarian Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Disease Progress in Cardiovascular Disease
2017 Cardio-Metabolic Benefits of Plant-Based Diets Nutrients
2017 Dietary Behaviors in Psoriasis: Patient-Reported Outcomes from a U.S. National Survey Dermatology and Therapy
2017 Adherence to a Vegetarian Diet and Diabetes Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies Nutrients
2017 Assessment of the nutritional quality and environmental impact of two food diets: A Mediterranean and a vegan diet Journal of Cleaner Production
2017 Environmental impact of omnivorous, ovo-lacto-vegetarian, and vegan diet Scientific Reports
2017 Vegetarian, vegan diets and multiple health outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
2016 Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
2016 Are strict vegetarians protected against prostate cancer? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
2016 Vegetarian Diets and Weight Reduction: a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials Journal of General Internal Medicine
2016 Whole grain consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all cause and cause specific mortality: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies BMJ
2015 Comparative effectiveness of plant-based diets for weight loss: A randomized controlled trial of five different diets Nutrition
2014 Beyond meatless, the health effects of vegan diets: findings from the Adventist cohorts Nutrients
2014 The Health Advantage of a Vegan Diet: Exploring the Gut Microbiota Connection Nutrients
2013 Risk of hospitalization or death from ischemic heart disease among British vegetarians and nonvegetarians: results from the EPIC-Oxford cohort study The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
2013 Vegetarian diets and incidence of diabetes in the Adventist Health Study-2 Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardivascular Diseases 
2013 A multicenter randomized controlled trial of a plant-based nutrition program to reduce body weight and cardiovascular risk in the corporate setting: the GEICO study European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
2012 Vegetarian diets and blood pressure among white subjects: results from the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) Public Health Nutrition
2012 Cardiovascular Disease Mortality and Cancer Incidence in Vegetarians: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism
2012 A Two-Year Randomized Weight Loss Trial Comparing a Vegan Diet to a More Moderate Low-Fat Diet Obesity
2011 Vegetarian Dietary Patterns Are Associated With a Lower Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: The Adventist Health Study 2 Diabetes Care
2009 Vegetarian and vegan diets in type 2 diabetes management Nutrition Reviews
2009 Type of Vegetarian Diet, Body Weight, and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care
2009 Vegan diet alleviates fibromyalgia symptoms Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology
2006 Hypertension and blood pressure among meat eaters, fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans in EPIC–Oxford Public Health Nutrition
2006 A Low-Fat Vegan Diet Improves Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care
2006 Colonic health: fermentation and short chain fatty acids Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology
2006 Review article: prebiotics in the gastrointestinal tract Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
2005 Vegetarian Diets Book: Encyclopedia of human nutrition
2004 Effects of a Very Low-Fat, Vegan Diet in Subjects with Rheumatoid Arthritis The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine
2003 Diet and body mass index in 38 000 EPIC-Oxford meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans International Journal of Obesity
2003 Position of the American Dietetic Association and Dietitians of Canada: vegetarian diets. Journal of American Dietetic Association
2003 Calcium balance in young adults on a vegan and lactovegetarian diet Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism
2000 Effectiveness of a low-fat vegetarian diet in altering serum lipids in healthy premenopausal women The American Journal of Cardiology
2000 Antioxidants in vegan diet and rheumatic disorders Toxicology
1999 Vegan diet in physiological health promotion. Acta Physiologica Hungarica

Raw Veganism

Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2020 Effects of raw vegan diet on periodontal and dental parameters Tzu Chi Medical Journal
2020 Effect of Cooking Methods on Ascorbic Acid Destruction of Green Leafy Vegetables Journal of Food Quality
2020 Effects of different cooking techniques on bioactive contents of leafy vegetables International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science
2019 Six Week Raw Vegan Nutrition Protocol Rapidly Reverses Lupus Nephritis: A Case Series International Journal of Disease Reversal and Prevention
2019 Status and prospects of nutritional cooking Food Quality and Safety
2018 Intake of Raw Fruits and Vegetables Is Associated With Better Mental Health Than Intake of Processed Fruits and Vegetables Frontiers in Psychology
2018 Effect of different cooking methods on the content of vitamins and true retention in selected vegetables Food Science and Biotechnology
2014 Walnut-enriched diet reduces fasting non-HDL-cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in healthy Caucasian subjects: a randomized controlled cross-over clinical trial Metabolism
2014 Nut consumption has favorable effects on lipid profiles of Korean women with metabolic syndrome Nutrition Research
2013 Effect of daily supplementation of fruits on oxidative stress indices and glycaemic status in type 2 diabetes mellitus Complimentary Therapies in Clinical Practice
2013 Effect Of Heating On Vitamin C Content Of Some Selected Vegetables International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research
2011 Becoming Raw: The Essential Guide to Raw Vegan Diets Book
2009 Raw and Cooked Vegetables, Fruits, Selected Micronutrients, and Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in Germany Nutrition and Cancer
2008 Long-term strict raw food diet is associated with favourable plasma β-carotene and low plasma lycopene concentrations in Germans British Journal of Nutrition
2008 Change in quality of life and immune markers after a stay at a raw vegan institute: A pilot study Complementary Therapies in Medicine
2005 Long-Term Consumption of a Raw Food Diet Is Associated with Favorable Serum LDL Cholesterol and Triglycerides but Also with Elevated Plasma Homocysteine and Low Serum HDL Cholesterol in Humans The Journal of Nutrition
2004 Raw versus Cooked Vegetables and Cancer Risk Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev
2004 Raw food, vegan diet effective against fibromyalgia Gale Academic One File
2003 Effects of Brassica vegetable juice on the induction of apoptosis and aberrant crypt foci in rat colonic mucosal crypts in vivo Carcinogenesis
2001 The Influence of Heating on the Anticancer Properties of Garlic The Journal of Nutrition
2001 Dietary factors and gastric cancer in Korea: A case-control study International Journal of Cancer
2000 Plant foods and risk of laryngeal cancer: A case-control study in Uruguay International Journal of Cancer
2000 Disposition of Glucosinolates and Sulforaphane in Humans After Ingestion of Steamed and Fresh Broccoli Nutrition and Cancer
1999 Consequences of a Long-Term Raw Food Diet on Body Weight and Menstruation: Results of a Questionnaire Survey Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 
1999 Food groups and colorectal cancer risk British Journal of Cancer
1997 Faecal microbial flora and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis during a vegan diet. Rheumatology
1993 Effect of a strict vegan diet on energy and nutrient intakes by Finnish rheumatoid patients European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
1992 Shifting from conventional diet to an uncooked vegan diet reversibly alters serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels Nutrition Research
1992 Shifting from a Conventional Diet to an Uncooked Vegan Diet Reversibly Alters Fecal Hydrolytic Activities in Humans Journal of Nutrition
1992 Effects of eating an uncooked vegetable diet for 1 week Appetite
1991 Vegetables, fruit, and cancer. I. Epidemiology Cancer, Causes and Control
1990 Carotenoid Analyses of Selected Raw and Cooked Foods Associated With a Lower Risk for Cancer Journal of the National Cancer Institute
1990 Comparison of Vitamin Losses in Vegetables Due to Various Cooking Methods Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology

Lacto-ovo Vegetarianism

Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2021 Effects of lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet vs. standard-weight-loss diet on obese and overweight adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomised clinical trial Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry
2021 Plant-based dietary patterns are associated with lower body weight, BMI and waist circumference in older Australian women Public Health Nutrition
2021 The effect of plant-based dietary patterns on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled intervention trials Journal of Hypertension
2020 Effects of a Lacto-Ovo-Vegetarian Diet on the Plasma Lipidome and Its Association with Atherosclerotic Burden in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease—A Randomized, Open-Label, Cross-over Study Nutrients
2019 Exercise capacity of vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian and omnivorous recreational runners Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition
2019 Diet quality of vegetarian diets compared with nonvegetarian diets: a systematic review Nutrition Reviews
2019 Health Status of Female and Male Vegetarian and Vegan Endurance Runners Compared to Omnivores—Results from the NURMI Study (Step 2) Nutrients
2018 Impact of a 3-Months Vegetarian Diet on the Gut Microbiota and Immune Repertoire Frontiers in Immunology
2017 Environmental impact of omnivorous, ovo-lacto-vegetarian, and vegan diet Scientific Reports
2017 Adherence to a Vegetarian Diet and Diabetes Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies Nutrients
2017 Vegetarian, vegan diets and multiple health outcomes: A systematic review with meta-analysis of observational studies Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition
2016 Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Vegetarian Diets Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
2013 Vegetarian diets and incidence of diabetes in the Adventist Health Study-2 Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardivascular Diseases
2013 Reduced Risk for Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance Associated with Ovo-Lacto-Vegetarian Behavior in Female Buddhists: A Case-Control Study PloS one
2013 Nutrient Profiles of Vegetarian and Nonvegetarian Dietary Patterns Rheumatology
2012 Cardiovascular Disease Mortality and Cancer Incidence in Vegetarians: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism
2012 Vegetarian diets and blood pressure among white subjects: results from the Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) Public Health Nutrition
2010 Lifestyle-related disease in Crohn’s disease: Relapse prevention by a semi-vegetarian diet World Journal of Gastroenterology
2009 Type of Vegetarian Diet, Body Weight, and Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Diabetes Care
2004 Insulin sensitivity in Chinese ovo-lactovegetarians compared with omnivores European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
2001 Vascular dilatory functions of ovo-lactovegetarians compared with omnivores Atherosclerosis
1994 Nutrient intake of endurance runners with ovo-lacto-vegetarian diet and regular western diet Z Ernährungswiss
1989 Cardiovascular disease risk factors in free-living men: comparison of two prudent diets, one based on lactoovovegetarianism and the other allowing lean meat The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
1986 Nutrient intake, blood pressure, serum and urinary prostaglandins and serum thromboxane B2 in a controlled trial with a lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet. Journal of hypertension
1986 Vegetarian diet in mild hypertension: a randomised controlled trial. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)
1985 A RANDOMIZED CONTROL TRIAL OF A VEGETARIAN DIET IN THE TREATMENT OF MILD HYPERTENSION Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology
1983 BLOOD-PRESSURE-LOWERING EFFECT OF A VEGETARIAN DIET: CONTROLLED TRIAL IN NORMOTENSIVE SUBJECTS The Lancet
1980 Cortical bone density of adult lacto-ovo-vegetarian and omnivorous women. Journal of the American Dietetic Association

Lacto Vegetarianism

Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2021 Impact of low-fat and full-fat dairy foods on fasting lipid profile and blood pressure: exploratory endpoints of a randomized controlled trial The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
2020 Physical Fitness Index of Non-Vegetarian and Lacto-Vegetarian Adults: A Comparative Study of Harvard Step Test Nepal Medical College Journal
2020 New perspectives in fermented dairy products and their health relevance Journal of Functional Foods
2019 Effect of Milk and Other Dairy Products on the Risk of Frailty, Sarcopenia, and Cognitive Performance Decline in the Elderly: A Systematic Review Advances in Nutrition
2019 THE IMPORTANCE OF MILK AND DAIRY PRODUCTS CONSUMPTION AS A PART OF RATIONAL NUTRITION Slovak Journal of Food Sciences
2018 [Effects of lacto-vegetarian diet and stabilization core exercises on body composition and pain in women with fibromyalgia: randomized controlled trial]. Nutricion Hospitalaria
2018 Vegetarian Diets and the Risk of Diabetes Current Diabetes Reports
2017 Nutrition and health aspects of milk and dairy products and their ingredients Ernahrungs Umschau
2017 Adherence to a Vegetarian Diet and Diabetes Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies Nutrients
2017 Consumption of low-fat dairy, but not whole-fat dairy, is inversely associated with depressive symptoms in Japanese adults Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol
2016 Comprehensive Review of the Impact of Dairy Foods and Dairy Fat on Cardiometabolic Risk Advances in Nutrition
2015 Dairy Consumption and Risk of Frailty in Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
2014 Intakes of Dairy Products and Calcium and Obesity in Korean Adults: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) 2007-2009 Plos one
2014 Milk and Dairy Consumption and Risk of Dementia in an Elderly Japanese Population: The Hisayama Study Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
2014 Type of vegetarian diet, obesity and diabetes in adult Indian population Nutrition Journal
2013 Consumption of Dairy Products and Colorectal Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) PloS one
2013 Association of Dairy Intake with Body Composition and Physical Function in Older Community-Dwelling Women The Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
2013 Effects of High and Low Fat Dairy Food on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Studies PloS one
2012 Dairy Consumption and Incidence of Hypertension Hypertension
2012 Chinese Lacto-Vegetarian Diet Exerts Favorable Effects on Metabolic Parameters, Intima-Media Thickness, and Cardiovascular Risks in Healthy Men Nutrition in Clinical Practice
2011 A Diet High in Low-Fat Dairy Products Lowers Diabetes Risk in Postmenopausal Women The Journal of Nutrition
2011 Dairy consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of cohort studies European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
2008 Lifestyle Decreases Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases Cent Eur J Public Health
2007 Taiwanese vegetarians have higher insulin sensitivity than omnivores British Journal of Nutrition
2007 Dairy products and health: a review of the epidemiological evidence British Journal of Nutrition
2005 Risk of overweight and obesity among semivegetarian, lactovegetarian, and vegan women The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
2005 Dairy Products Book: Encyclopedia of human nutrition
2003 Calcium balance in young adults on a vegan and lactovegetarian diet Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism
1992 The effect of a shift from a mixed diet to a lacto-vegetarian diet on human urinary and fecal mutagenic activity Carcinogenesis
1997 Changes in cardiovascular risk factors and hormones during a comprehensive residential three month kriya yoga training and vegetarian nutrition Acta Physiologica Scandinavica
1989 Shift from a mixed to a lactovegetarian diet: influence on acidic lipids in fecal water--a potential risk factor for colon cancer American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Ovo-Vegetarianism

Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2021 Implications of Vitamin D Research in Chickens can Advance Human Nutrition and Perspectives for the Future Current Developments in Nutrition 
2019 The Golden Egg: Nutritional Value, Bioactivities, and Emerging Benefits for Human Health Nutrients
2019 Association of eggs with dietary nutrient adequacy and cardiovascular risk factors in US adults Public Health Nutrition
2018 The Impact of Egg Nutrient Composition and Its Consumption on Cholesterol Homeostasis Cholesterol
2018 Dietary Cholesterol Contained in Whole Eggs Is Not Well Absorbed and Does Not Acutely Affect Plasma Total Cholesterol Concentration in Men and Women: Results from 2 Randomized Controlled Crossover Studies Nutrients
2018 Egg Consumption in Infants is Associated with Longer Recumbent Length and Greater Intake of Several Nutrients Essential in Growth and Development Nutrients
2018 Associations of egg consumption with cardiovascular disease in a cohort study of 0.5 million Chinese adults Heart
2018 Vitamin B12 Intake to Megaloblastic Anemia on Vegetarian in Vihara Meitriya Khirti Palembang Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas (Journal of Community Health)
2017 Ovo-vegetarian diet is associated with lower systemic blood pressure in Taiwanese women Public Health
2017 Dietary Choline Intake Is Directly Associated with Bone Mineral Density in the Hordaland Health Study The Journal of Nutrition
2017 Role of the egg in the diet of athletes and physically active people Nutricion Hospitalaria
2017 Usual Choline Intakes Are Associated with Egg and Protein Food Consumption in the United States Nutrients
2017 Consuming Two Eggs per Day, as Compared to an Oatmeal Breakfast, Decreases Plasma Ghrelin while Maintaining the LDL/HDL Ratio Nutrients
2015 Effects of choline on health across the life course: a systematic review Nutrition Reviews
2010 The nutritional properties and health benefits of eggs Nutrition and Food Science
2005 Eggs Book: Encyclopedia of human nutrition
2000 Introduction: Nutritional and Functional Roles of Eggs in the Diet  Journal of the American College of Nutrition
1996 Effect of Egg Consumption in Healthy Volunteers: Influence of Yolk, White or Whole-Egg on Gastric Emptying and on Glycemic and Hormonal Responses Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism

Pescatarianism

Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2022 Impact of Mediterranean Diet Food Choices and Physical Activity on Serum Metabolic Profile in Healthy Adolescents: Findings from the DIMENU Project Nutrients
2022 Nutrient Intake and Status in Adults Consuming Plant-Based Diets Compared to Meat-Eaters: A Systematic Review Nutrients
2021 Plant-based dietary patterns are associated with lower body weight, BMI and waist circumference in older Australian women Public Health Nutrition
2021 Vitamin B6 Status among Vegetarians: Findings from a Population-Based Survey Nutrients
2021 The Mediterranean Diet as a Source of Natural Compounds: Does It Represent a Protective Choice against Cancer? Pharmaceuticals
2021 Well-Balanced Lunch Reduces Risk of Lifestyle-Related Diseases in Middle-Aged Japanese Working Men Nutrients
2020 Vegetarian, pescatarian and flexitarian diets: sociodemographic determinants and association with cardiovascular risk factors in a Swiss urban population British Journal of Nutrition
2019 Risks of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in meat eaters, fish eaters, and vegetarians over 18 years of follow-up: results from the prospective EPIC-Oxford study BMJ
2018 Investigating the risk-benefit balance of substituting red and processed meat with fish in a Danish diet Food and Chemical Toxicology
2016 Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cancer Cell Cytotoxicity: Implications for Multi-Targeted Cancer Therapy Clinical Medicine
2015 Fish, a Mediterranean source of n-3 PUFA: benefits do not justify limiting consumption British Journal of Nutrition
2014 Meat Consumption Is Associated with Esophageal Cancer Risk in a Meat- and Cancer-Histological-Type Dependent Manner Digestive Diseases and Sciences
2013 Nutrient Profiles of Vegetarian and Nonvegetarian Dietary Patterns Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Diatetics
2013 Health benefits of seafood; Is it just the fatty acids? Food Chemistry
2013 Meat, fish, and esophageal cancer risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis Nutrition Reviews
2010 Major Dietary Protein Sources and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women Circulation
2010 Fatty acids from fish: the anti-inflammatory potential of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids Nutrition Reviews
2009 Associations of Dietary Long-Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Fish With Biomarkers of Inflammation and Endothelial Activation (from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis [MESA]) The American Journal of Cardiology
2009 Long-term association of food and nutrient intakes with cognitive and functional decline: a 13-year follow-up study of elderly French women British Journal of Nutrition
2006 Diet and Lifestyle Recommendations Revision 2006 Circulation
2005 Dietary Recommendations for Children and Adolescents Circulation
2005 Protein, body weight, and cardiovascular health The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
2005 Fish Book: Encyclopedia of human nutrition
2004 Accumulated Evidence on Fish Consumption and Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Circulation
2004 International Journal of Obesity Arch Intern Med
2003 Diet and body mass index in 38 000 EPIC-Oxford meat-eaters, fish-eaters, vegetarians and vegans International Journal of Obesity
1998 Fish consumption may predict a lower prevalence of major depression: A cross-national analysis World Review of Nutrition and Diatetics
1996 Blood pressure and atherogenic lipoprotein profiles of fish-diet and vegetarian villagers in Tanzania: the Lugalawa study The Lancet

Pollotarianism

Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2022 Impact of Mediterranean Diet Food Choices and Physical Activity on Serum Metabolic Profile in Healthy Adolescents: Findings from the DIMENU Project Nutrients
2021 The Mediterranean Diet as a Source of Natural Compounds: Does It Represent a Protective Choice against Cancer? Pharmaceuticals
2021 Evolution of the Dietary Patterns across Nutrition Transition in the Sardinian Longevity Blue Zone and Association with Health Indicators in the Oldest Old Nutrients
2021 Red and White Meat Intake in Relation to Mental Disorders in Iranian Adults Frontiers in Nutrition
2018 Chapter 4: Quality of Chicken Meat Animal Husbandry and Nutrition
2015 Role of poultry meat in a balanced diet aimed at maintaining health and wellbeing: an Italian consensus document Food and Nutrition Research
2014 The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Diet Affects Inflammation in Childhood Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Cross-Over Clinical Trial Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism
2014 Meat Consumption Is Associated with Esophageal Cancer Risk in a Meat- and Cancer-Histological-Type Dependent Manner Digestive Diseases and and Sciences
2013 Meat nutritional composition and nutritive role in the human diet Meat Science
2013 Meat Consumption, Diabetes, and Its Complications Current Diabetes Report
2013 Red Meat and Poultry Intakes and Risk of Total and Cause-Specific Mortality: Results from Cohort Studies of Chinese Adults in Shanghai PloS one
2012 Meat consumption and risk of lung cancer: evidence from observational studies Annals of Oncology
2010 Major Dietary Protein Sources and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Women Circulation
2010 Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes by Dietary Patterns: A Systematic Review of Prospective Studies and Meta-Analysis Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders
2010 Chicken Collagen Hydrolysate Reduces Proinflammatory Cytokine Production in C57BL/6.KOR-ApoEshl Mice Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology
2009 Long-term association of food and nutrient intakes with cognitive and functional decline: a 13-year follow-up study of elderly French women British Journal of Nutrition
2009 Meat Intake and MortalityA Prospective Study of Over Half a Million People Arch Intern Med
2006 Stroke Risk among Chinese Immigrants in New York City Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health
2005 Dietary Recommendations for Children and Adolescents Circulation
2005 Protein, body weight, and cardiovascular health The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
2005 Meat, Poultry and Meat Products Book: Encyclopedia of human nutrition
2004 Dietary Patterns, Meat Intake, and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women Arch Intern Med
2001 CHICKEN MEAT IN HUMAN NUTRITION FOR HEALTH Poljoprivreda (Osijek)
1999 Dietary saturated fats and their food sources in relation to the risk of coronary heart disease in women The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

Flexitarianism

Date Name of Paper Journal Name Link to Paper
2022 Co-benefits of a flexitarian diet for air quality and human health in Europe Ecological Economics
2021 Vitamin B6 Status among Vegetarians: Findings from a Population-Based Survey Nutrients
2020 Vegetarian, pescatarian and flexitarian diets: sociodemographic determinants and association with cardiovascular risk factors in a Swiss urban population British Journal of Nutrition
2018 Health and nutritional aspects of sustainable diet strategies and their association with environmental impacts: a global modelling analysis with country-level detail The Lancet Planetary Health
2018 Global Provisioning of Red Meat for Flexitarian Diets Frontiers in Nutrition
2017 Flexitarian Diets and Health: A Review of the Evidence-Based Literature Frontiers in Nutrition
2016 Analysis and valuation of the health and climate change cobenefits of dietary change Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2014 Flexitarianism: Decarbonising through flexible vegetarianism Renewable Energy
2014 Flexitarianism: a more moral dietary option International Journal of Sustainable Society
2014 “Meatless days” or “less but better”? Exploring strategies to adapt Western meat consumption to health and sustainability challenges Appetite
2013 Flexitarianism (Flexible or Part-Time Vegetarianism): A User-Based Dietary Choice for Improved Wellbeing International Journal of User-driven Healthcare
2013 Systematic review of reducing population meat consumption to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and obtain health benefits: effectiveness and models assessments International Journal of Public Health
2013 Nutrient Profiles of Vegetarian and Nonvegetarian Dietary Patterns Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
2012 Modelling the health impact of environmentally sustainable dietary scenarios in the UK European Journal of Clinical Nutrition
2012 Impact of a reduced red and processed meat dietary pattern on disease risks and greenhouse gas emissions in the UK: a modelling study BMJ
2012 Red Meat Consumption and MortalityResults From 2 Prospective Cohort Studies Arch Intern Med.
2009 Climate benefits of changing diet Climatic Change
2009 Reducing Meat Consumption Has Multiple Benefits for the World's Health Arch Intern Med.

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